Dr. Robert Duncan-Enzmann ca. 1970s

Void is nothingness and has no properties. Increments of substance exist in the void. Substance has properties.

Space, or the inertial continuum, is a chaotic distribution of æther and sub- æther in a void. Æther increments contain more substance than sub- æther increments. Both are almost perfectly elastic. In collisions, energy is equipartitioned. Pinioned by equipartitioning with the sub- æther, æther increments move almost exactly about c.

The inertial continuum’s physical properties are due to actions between incremental substances in nothingness.

‘Space’ and ‘inertial continuum’ are synonymous. Perfectly empty space in which there are no masses, within which no photos, neutrinos are propagated, and through which no fields are expressed is in perfect Gaussian chaos.

Coherences occur randomly in the inertial continuum, as must happen in any perfect chaos. Space’s chaotic rigidity reacts against coherence.

Masses, barycentric coherences, are pinioned in one place or forced to continue uniform absolute motion by action/reaction. Reaction maintains the organization of barycentric coherences, and it should never be forgotten that both coherence and chaos are comprised of an identical universal substance.

Propagation at the speed of light is eternally forced upon coherences lacking barycenters such as photons, neutrinos, and perhaps the color forces. Action by space eternally operates to reject the presence of non-barycentric coherences. Forever they are forced to propagate at the speed of light. Coherences about barycenters have the properties of mass.

Neutrino’s and photon’s spin are supported by the inertial continuum. A state of rest is not tolerated. Speeds less than c are not tolerated, and while these coherences carry momentum, they must be massless.

Chaos rejects order. Order acts upon chaos. This is the nature of action/reaction. The biases in themselves are coherences. Therefore it may be represented that fields extend throughout space. But how far? Do fields extend to infinity? No. Extension of fields is not to infinity. Gravitational fields about a body at absolute rest will extend almost to D where the gravitational equation is: F = g(m m/r) (1-d/D) where d = D, resolving a gravitational Olbers’ Paradox, and hopefully benefiting our ecology –  saving our forests by reducing the tons of papers published  about cosmological constants, unlimited but finite spaces where you can see the back of your head or an even less attractive spectacle if you bend over for a better view. (Olbers’ Paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers, is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe.)

Gravitational Force is a consequence of coherences shadowing one another from action/reaction with the inertial continuum. It is the second most powerful force in the continuum, besides which Coulomb, nuclear, and gluon forces pale.

Spin characterizes all coherence convoluted about barycenters from chaotic Aether. Left/right asymmetry characterizes Aether increments. Spin characterizes electrons, partons, mesons, nuclides.

Fundamental particles with barycenters spin relative to the inertial continuum. The compulsion to spin is a continuous action/reaction of the barycenter’s coherence with space.

Particle spin is an absolute motion relative to the inertial continuum. Spin rates can be reduced by impressing fields upon particles or translating (moving) them relative to the inertial continuum. When fields are removed or absolute motion stops, spin rates rise to normal. The spin is forced by continuous action/reaction with asymmetrical structures. In effect, they windmill.

Asymmetry of action/reaction upon a fundamental particle is a consequence of asymmetrical properties of æther r and/or sub- æther increments. Asymmetric structures will not only spin but also vibrate. Vibration can give rise to Coulomb forces.

An æther of very small increments moving at c where: c = c(1-gm/c r) embedded in sub- æther where either the æther and/or sub- æther account for chirality (left/right asymmetry) parity breaking action/reaction as the strongest continuum force, pinioning of c to an immeasurably narrow band as it varies according to c = c (1-gm/c r) fields as coherent biases in space, they will express gravitational attraction upon one another.

A physical model for Gibbs Vector algebra: grad, div., curl, cross-product a physical model for the variational principle – least action (least time, least distance).

Gravitational impulsion (‘attraction’-like) unipolar nature of gravity, the impossibility of self-potential, absence of gravity waves, absence of gravitational quanta, the necessity of gravitational force to be dynamic not static for: F = G = dp/dt = gm m /r.

Variation in the speed of light.

Precession due to G-field aberration.

Photon devolution into rigidity of chaotic aether where: e = hv(1 – d/D).

Photon convolution from chaotic æther.

Gravitational singularity at great at small (microcosmic) distances is eliminated by writing: F = g(m m /(r +) (r +).

Action/reaction upon structure with asymmetrical properties accounts for spin, spin-up, and vibration of particles accounts for clock slow down, mass increase, transverse doppler.

Distinguished gravitational barycentric mass upon which field lines converge spherically from inertial mass which is associated with a plane wave.

Accounts for aberration, beam topple.

Pi meson as a boomerang can function as a force mediated by ponderable mass.

Quasar detonation at galactic cores indicates: G-shield is also an action/reaction shield. Coulomb force, a magnetic force, is so powerful that it modifies gravity. Vibration causes Coulomb force. Spinning of vibrating mass gives rise to quantized waves, electron, neutron, proton, etc., diffraction.