Austronesian Marshallese Primer

By Robert Duncan-Enzmann

Kwajalein Atoll & Marshalls 1920s to 2002

Aspects of sailing the Great Oceanic Currents

LINE Equatorial upwell VOYAGERS:       AN IGUANA NAMED KON TIKI

Swift are the glacial equatorial currents. He is among the first.

MID LATITUDE RIDGE VOYAGERS:        FLYING-SAUCER SPIDERS [Ground Effect Jumping]  voyage from Asia with ridge flotsam

Ballooning spiders voyage, island hop, and cannot  hold advanced positions

COUNTER-CURRENT VOYAGERS:  CAPE COD Labrador Counter Current – a wonder of the oceanic world and historical pivot point

22,000 BC In the Carolinas, Cactus Hill’s story of SOLUTREAN MARINERS [Mississippi barrier]

14,000 BC Epicontinental hide and wicker boats of the Lascaux interval take to the deep sea

9000 BC Flooding of the Great Pacific Islands

6000 BC Azores, Azof, Asgorod, Azul Guanchos and blue distant mountains

“KAMCHATKA Japan Counter Current” a JOMON WONDERWORLD

c.14,000-c.10,000 BC Jomon Ceramics, Sylviculture, and fishermen

“SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH AMERICA Argentine Counter Current” a TUNA, THE BLUE-FINS

30 to +100 miles a day, +1,000,000 miles in a lifetime, one of 40,000,000 spawn grow to adulthood

suchi @ 50 to 100$/serving, Tokyo fish market @ 500,000 tons/year compares with buffalo extinction

Megalith sailors c.4,500 BC Azores tuna fishers [RDE see: Megalith Script]

Phonecia: 2200 BC Mediterranean “chamber of death” nets and wooden spears

Phonecian Admiral Hanno’s Fleet

SOUTHEASTERN AFRICAN-TRANSKEI’S WILD-COAST Counter Current a

EASTERN AUSTRALIAN’S Counter Current Coast and Barrier Reef Coast  a

EASTERN NEW ZEALAND Counter Current and TUAMOTU Cold Prong  a

EASTERN GREENLAND Counter Current  a barrier of icebergs

Water Babies, so popular in Victorian England is a saga of the VIKING PEACE POOL

COLD-GYRE VOYAGERS in OCEANIC-GARDENS

SWORDFISH, MARLIN, COD

Cod and the GRAND–BANKS lost lands of North America

Fish and Chips from lost lands of Old Europe’s Hamburgian Culture

The Greatest LOST LANDS are in the PACIFIC

BAIT-BALLS and LEVIATHAN SCHOOLS OF MACKEREL

dolphin bubble screams

tuna- predators of the sea

kkas, seagulls, albatross (20 to 60 ft dives below sea surface)

FALSE KILLER WHALES a dolphin

Float tuna to the surface to feed on them

KRAKEN and POLYNESIAN GIANT OCTOPUS HUNTERS

It’s like gator baiting

WARM-GYRE VOYAGERS in OCEANIC-GARDENS

Polynesian navigators NORTHERN HURRICANES, SOUTHERN WILLI-WILLIES

SARGASSO-SEA, HORSE LAT. ITCZ-DRY-SKY VOYAGERS

The Atlantic AUKS sailed round-and-round the North Atlantic, always a meal for a voyager

North and South Pacific ducks and geese early went the way of the Auk once there were thousands

BAIT-BALLS and LEVIATHAN SCHOOLS OF MACKEREL

dolphin bubble screams

tuna – predators of the sea

kkas, seagulls, albatross (20 to 60 ft dives below sea surface)

FALSE KILLER WHALES a dolphin

Float tuna to the surface to feed on them

WEST WIND DRIFT about the ANTARCTIC

POLYNESIAN FISHERMEN discover the Antarctic

The greatest masses of vegetation on Earth ??? West Wind Drift, Cold Gyres, Counter-Currents, Great Temperate Boreal Forests, Cold forest, tundra and pattern ground, Great savannahs and prairies, and the tropical rain forests are so small they cannot be measured.

MELANESIANS [Ref, L by Lewis, David, editor Sir Oulton, Derek 1972 2nd edition 1992, “We, the Navigators, The Ancient Art of Land-finding in the Pacific” Pub. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu]

MICRONESIANS [RDE note: Circles indicate visual distances about the atolls]

POLYNESIANS [RDE note: The Polynesian migration avoided the Melanesians and leap-frogged the Micronesians expanding northward to Hawaii and southwest to New Zealand]

MELANESIANS

Melanesian history in the Pacific is a fragment of NEGRITO Homo Sapiens saga upon this Earth. His saga extends through the last MINDEL ICE AGES through the RISS ICE AGES then through the current WÜRM-I, WÜRM-II, WÜRM-III, and the WÜRM-IV GLACIATIONS of the current WÜRM ICE AGE.

[RDE note: The TASMAN peoples of TASMANIA are older than the MELANESIANS.]

[RDE note: Today’s humanity lives in societies, called civilizations, which thrive upon agriculture which flourishes during a glacial interval. Should glaciation increase; our population could drop considerably.]

MICRONESIANS

[RDE note: Micronesians and related peoples must have expanded southward, and westward into the Americas from the ANDRONOVO-CORRIDOR acumen, which to the far west includes the European Peninsula.]

Micronesian history in the Pacific is a fragment, a sherd, of CAUCASOID Homo Sapiens history during ice ages and intermediate warm intervals extending from the last RISS ICE AGES through the WÜRM-I, WÜRM-II, WÜRM-III, and the WÜRM-IV GLACIATIONS of the current WÜRM ICE AGE.

[RDE note: There are surprising numbers of Australian Bushman Abrigonees with blond hair, and relative light complexions. We refer to pure-blooded aborigines, not those mixed with the British colonists. They are lighter than is completely comfortable (perfectly adapted to the levels of sunlight about Australia) and they can suffer serious sunburn.

Interestingly the Tasmans are darker than is completely comfortable in Australia and significantly darker than is healthy in overly-cloudy (for them) Tasmania. The Tasman, living totally or almost totally naked suffered some degree of rickets before the Europeans arrives, and the few survivors suffered desperately from rickets the moment they were clothed.]

[RDE note: One of the earliest Micronesian cultures was of continental extent encompassing Australia. The MICRONESIANS probably arrived by sea during the RISS-IV / WÜRM-I WARM INTERVAL when the sea levels were low It dates from perhaps 70,000 BC, and replaced the earlier, and much-darker MELANESIANS. throughout Australia during the WÜRM-I, II, III, IV GLACIATIONS and the warm intervals between them. ]

[RDE note: It’s probable that the lean, relatively fair c. 70,000BC? through c. 30,000BC? to c. 1800AD STRANDLOOPER of southern Africa is from the ANDRONOVO-CORRIDOR acumen and that these people are of Proto-MICRONESIAN extraction.]

[RDE note: The c. 70,000 traces of settlement as hearths and charcoals, and the settlements of c. 30,000 BC of Southern Chile are probably Micronesian……. We suggest that the c. 35,000 BC settlements in Brazil are of European Solutrean c.22,000 BC origins, as are probably also the c. 16,000 and possibly c. 22,000 BC settlements of North Americas Carolinas.]

[RDE note: we do mention that Nostratic-speaking (ancestral to Indo-European, Uro-Altaic, Kartvelian, and others) entered North America c.16,000 to c.9,000 BC (across the AMERASIAN BERINGIA low lands) then expanded across North and South America long before the Oriental (American Indians) arrived.]

[RDE note: The attitude of North American Indians of regions about Oregon; and the Liberal, left-wing, Politically-correct endlessly-noisy social reformers is to be deplored. They have exerted every effort possible to rebury and destroy the KENWICK (Caucasian) MAN of c. 9000 BC. They, though they – and such groups as the NISKAS–only arrived perhaps 2000 to 3000 BC to annihilate the mixed Caucasian and Caucasoids related to MICRONESIANS .known as ATHABASCANS. That persons living in North America at least 6000 years before they set foot in North America are their ancestors is ill-tempered, dishonest-absurdity contrived for current political purposes; which parades as “ethics.”]

[RDE note: A parallel may be drawn with the destruction of c. 27,000BC human remains from UNTERWESTERNITZ, currently called DONLI VESTONICE by the Czechs, earlier (before the Huns massacred the Celts of Bohemia c.400AD) had a Celtic name.]

[RDE note: The Micronesians come from the same groups which gave rise to the AINOID populations which flourished in the Japanese Archipelago from c.13,000 BC through c.11,000 BC when they made pottery, practiced sylviculture cultivating oak for its acorns and nut trees, and fished extensively.]

POLYNESIANS

-1- ANDRONOVA Corridor Clacial-RADIANT

Lascaux I and II c.15,000 BC colonization of the Andronova Cold Prairie was largely out of the European Peninsula but did include significant late-Caucasoid Northward migration of Ainoid Populations. We would, however, classify the Jomon Peoples of the Japanese Archipelago- whose pottery dates to c. 12,000 to 10,000 BC matching the Caucasians of post-Wurm IV north-African Savannah pottery of the same time.

The DRYAS II and DRYAS III GLACIATIONS bracket the four ALLERØD c.9,500 BC warm intervals. Magdalenian Scripts found in today’s central China evidence a Magdalenian migration.

-2- ANDRONOVA –ELAMITE         Cold-Drought RADIANT

Pre-Boreal and Boreal centuries are marked by the die-off of cold prairie and with it the megafauna. Evidence including DNA studies, skeletal types, inscribed artifacts, tools, even legends evidence that to the north NOSTRARIC speaking populations [as detailed by paleolinguistists] divided into Proto-Indo European, Altaic, and Uralic speaking populations. Toward the south migrations impelled Nostratic speakers [“Nostratic is a convenient catch-all term”] into S.E.Asia and Burma. [Ur-Oriental populations of Tibet and later sino-don’t Orientals including Han Chinese of the West River Basin in Southern China entered an 8,000 year series of contentions and war with these Caucasians and Caucasoids beginning c. 8000 BC] Eastward Munda, Sumero-Munda, and Sumerians [Related to Basques, and genetically to Welsh and Cornwall populations, with races in southern Ireland] Migrated southward into the Upper Indus (7-Valleys) and Westward into the Zagros foothills and toward today’s Tigris Euphrates Shatt al Arab lowlands.

[RDE note: not really inhabitable until after the violent rains and floods of c. 4500 BC as the Temperate Climatological Vortex shifted northward.]

-3- ANDRONOVA Corridor  Dry Lands RADIANT

The earliest impetus out of the Central Asian Andronova, and Elamite Corridors date to the inter-ATLANTIC Cold Droughts and include both the COCHRAN mini-glaciation c. 6000 BC and Black Sea Flood of c. 5800 BC. The POLYNESIAN migration likely begins here.

[RDE note: Some decades ago I viewed the GRIFFON-TABLETS [A few from the Allerød c. 9500 BC the bulk from the Boreal c. 7500 BC ], and with foresight brought along an eidetic child who transcribed them from flawless memory. These tablets are among other evidence being bit-by-bit “brought to light” which should suffice to bring Celtic-Nordic-Greek-Baltic-Slavic-Italic archaeology into the realm of pre and proto-history. Unfortunately, the tablets are largely, perhaps entirely destroyed. The destruction thought to have taken place when skeletons [30,000-year-old] found in the Sudetenland Unterwesternitz (today’s Dolni Vestonice) were obliterated in order that not a shred of evidence would exist testifying to Celts as being the aborigines of Bohemia until Huns annihilated the population of the central areas c.450-500AD, leaving it empty for Czech colonization c 500-900AD. ]

-4- GANGES Delta Oceanic-RADIANT.

c. 4200 BC (as the grand climate optimum ended) to c. 3750 BC (when it finally ended) Indo Aryan Peoples of theCentral Asain ANDRONOVA Corridor impelled by the Kurgan I, Kurgan II, and Kurgan III cold drought moved southward into the GANGES Drainage Basin and then to its DELTA. There they became “blue water mariners.” It is certain that they had knowledge of the MUNDA Peoples about the INDUS Valley, today’s Pakistan, today’s Afghanistan, and today’s Coastal Iran.

[RDE note: that the Munda are related to Sumerians who as early as BC were settling at the mouth of the TIGRIS EUPHRATES and that these peoples had for unknown centuries conducted maritime trade over the PERSIAN GULF the Western INDIAN OCEAN and the RED SEA.]

[RDE note: that before iron tools were available, the SUWALKI and GANGES were difficult to live in and almost impossible to farm. CEYLON and the ANDAMANS already settled by peoples hostile to new immigrants did not welcome the newcomers from north of the Himalayas.]

-5a- MADAGASCAR Settlement submerged by Africans

POLYNESIAN traders, voyagers, and settlers sailed westward to uninhabited MADAGASCAR, and eastward aided by the EQUATORIAL CURRENT by the EQUATORIAL COUNTER CURRENT by the TRADE WINDS, by the MID LATITUDE-RIDGE WINDS and occasionally by NORTHERN TEMPERATE-WESTERLIES and by SOUTHERN TEMPERATE-WESTERLIES.

-5b- SOUTH-EAST Asian  Oceanic-RADIANT

Ancestral POLYNESIANS found it easier to sail westward onto the “Te Moana Nui-a-Kiwa” [The Great Ocean-of-Kiwa] than to war with Malayans and Chinese for an Asian acumen.

-6- MARIANAS-CAROLINAS       Oceanic Polynesian RADIAN.

[RDE note: That Melanesia was not only occupied and thickly settled but also extending its genotype and languages eastward through the SOLOMONS and HEBRIDES onward to the FIJI ISLANDS and NEW CALEDONIA.]. The Polynesians sailed further to avoid constant war with Melanesians.

-7- The TUAMOTUS Oceanic Polynesian RADIANT

The Tuamotus were contended for by Melanesians and Polynesians; some mingling took place, but the dominant type in this region is Melanesian. It is from here that the Polynesians sailed to found their most successful colonies: New Zealand and Hawaii

[RDE note: My current collections concern 5b, 6, and 7]

Electromagnetic & Hydraulic Waves

Oceanic sources and spectra       Attenuation   Reflection      Diffraction Traveling Waves Creeping Waves

ENVIRONMENT

NORTH                                  SOUTH                      EAST                          WEST

ISLAND

OCEAN

SKY

WATER                          SALT WATER            FRESH WATER         RAINWATER

Hydrodynamics and Stick Charts

[Mattang stick chart]                [Meddo stick chart]         [Rebbilib stick chart ]

After Winkler, 1901 shows swell   After Kramer 1906 shows positions of After Winkler, here islands are given Patterns relative to small islands Islands relative to waves and swells seen correct geographic positions from a canoe.

[Ref.: Captain Cook 1768-1780 see Beaglehole J, editor 1968 Jrnls. of Cap. James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery 4 volumes. Addenda & Corrigenda, Cambridge, Univ.Press Hakluyt Soc. 1962 Endeavor Journals 1768-1771 of Joseph Banks 2 vol Pub Angus & Robertson, Sydney, Australia 1967 Journals of Cap.Janes Cook, 3rd Voyage, 1776-1780 4 Vol. Cambridge Univ. Press for the Hakluyt Soc. 1784 Cook, and King, J., “A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World in the Years 1771-1775 pub.London Strahan &Cadell” 1784 Cap.Cook and King “A voyage to the Pacific Ocean in the years 1776-1780” Pub London Nicol and Cadell].

STONE ISLAND or STONE CANOE [Ref.: after Rewi, see: Lewis, David

“We the Navigators- Landfinding in the Pacific

[Ref.: Aea, Hezekiah, 1862 “The History of Ebon” see Hawaiian Historical Society, Honolulu, 56th 1947 Annual Report ]

[Ref.:Capt.Winkler, German Imperial Navy, Pacific Fleet, 1901, “On Sea charts formerly used in the Marshall Islands, with Notices on the Navigation of these Islanders in General, 1899 Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.]

[Ref.: Memoirs of Gen.Ernst v.Enzmann in the Service of His Majesty Emperor Franz Josef including Pacific Voyages, Austria’s Eastern Front 1914-1917, POW Camp in Siberia, and his escape to China. 1932 Memoirs of Florence Goodman, Medical Missionary to Peking’s PUMC, China from John’s Hopkins Medical School ]

[Ref.:R.D.E. 1944 U.S.Navy Air Corps.1942-1945 Celestial and Radio Aids to Navigation; 1962 “Weather Radar” Pub. Raytheon Co. ]

Stormy winds out of the northwest

[Ref.: Lewis, David, 1978 “The Voyaging Stars” Pub. Willian Collins, Pub. Pty.Ltd, Sydney, Australia, ISBN 0-393—03226-4 ]

Wave SOURCES and SPECTRA

AILINGLABLAB

NAO                           WAVE, or SWELL

NAO BANGAKI        MAIN SWELL or WAVE [or mixed Main-large and Main-small Waves]

Southern TEMPERATE Zonal WINDS      time of -led by ANTARES

BNDOCKERIK          MAIN SWELL from the SOUTH-EAST [southern TRADE WINDS]

RILIB                           MAIN SWELL from East [WINDS of ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone)] about RIGEL

BUNDOCKERIK       MAIN SWELL from the NORTH-EAST [northern TRADE WINDS]

AUMENAG season of Northern TEMPERATE Zonal WINDS time of NEI AUTI-rise led by PLEIADES

ATTENUATION

KAELIB                       quadrant to lee of the TRADE WINDS

NAO UEA                  CROSS-WIND AREA in an Island’s lee [in Gilberts]

NAO MAKORO        WAVES of main swell disturbed by SWELL from the east

KAUTABUKI              MIXED- LARGE and SMALL WAVES

IT GETS WEAK AS IT TRAVELS

REFLECTION            MIRROR, IT REFLECTS LIKE A MIRROR

TE NGARU FENUA REFLECTED LAND WAVE

TE MARUA                medium-size WAVES distant from land

RAI BAO

DIFFRACTION          THE WAVE SPREADS AROUND – A ROCK, AN ISLAND

REFRACTION

BOT                            A KNOT or NODE [or BUOJ]

NIT IN KOT               A HOLE in waters surface [or JUR IM OKME or JURRINOKAMIE]

OKAR                         THE ROOT [ora line of BOTS]

DRILIP                        SPINAL CROSS-WAVES

KAELIB                       WESTERN QUADRANT

BUNGDOCKEING

BUNGDOCKKERIK

CREEPING WAVE

ROLOK                      SOMETHING LOST

TRAVELING WAVE

JUR IM OKME          AKES

NIT IN KOT

STORM WAVES

HURRICANE WAVES

BIRDS

KAKARAU                  BOBBY or “Signal Bird” 28 to 40 miles from shore

NODDIE 20 to 30 miles from shore

TIA BORAU               NAVIGATOR [Man (of, who does) Voyage]

FRIGATE BIRD 45 to 55 miles from shore

WALKING BIRD

SEA BIRD

LAND BIRD

SEAWEED                 SEAWEED

OCEAN CURRENT

STRONG OCEAN CURRENT

WEAK OCEAN CURRENT

COLD CURRENT

WARM CURRENT

UNDERTOW- WHERE THE WAVES BREAK ON THE REEF

EQUATORIAL OCEAN CURRENT

PHOSPHORESCENCE

WAKE PHOSPHORESCENCE

TOPS OF THE WAVES GLOW

FOAM IS ON THE TOPS OF THE WAVES

THE SEA BIRD FOLLOWS OUR CANOE

THAT’S A LAND BIRD, LAND IS NEAR

FRESHWATER

SEAWATER

RAINWATER IS FRESH

I AM THIRSTY

MANEABA                SPIRIT-HOUSE, MEETING HOUSE, rafters and walls positioned to

DROET                      LUMINESCENCE 18 to 40 miles out to sea

TE LAPA [TE MATA] LUMINESCENCE

TE ,IMEATA               LOOM of distant land in sky on clear days, clear nights, and overcast nights

High atmospheric stellar twinkle, high cirrus fade

PAPALU                     Carolinas NAVIGATOR

VERB TO BE

I AM                            I WAS                         I WILL BE

YOU ARE                   YOU WERE              YOU WILL BE

HE IS                           HE WAS                    HE WILL BE

SHE IS                        SHE WAS                   SHE WILL BE

IT IS                             IT WAS                      IT WILL BE

WE ARE                     WE WERE                 WE WILL BE

THEY ARE                 THEY WERE              THEY WILL BE

THESE ARE               THESE WERE           THESE WILL BE

THOSE ARE              THOSE WERE         THOSE WILL BE

VERB TO GO

I GO                           I WENT                        [DID NOT GO]                   I WILL [NOT] GO

I AM [NOT] GOING I WAS [NOT] GOING          I WILL [NOT] BE GOING

I COULD [NOT] BE GOING                                   I COULD [NOT] HAVE                                                                                                                                BEEN GOING                                                           I COULD [NOT] BE GOING

 

YOU GO                    [DON’T (you understood) GO]

YOU WENT               [DID NOT GO]         YOU WILL [NOT] GO

YOU ARE [NOT] GOING                         YOU WERE [NOT] GOING        YOU WILL[NOT] BE GOING       YOU COULD [NOT] BE GOING                                                                            YOU COULD [NOT] HAVE BEEN GOING           YOU COULD [NOT] BE GOING

HE, SHE, IT GOES    HE, SHE, IT WENT [DID NOT GO]        HE, SHE, IT WILL [NOT] GO

HE, SHE, IT              HE, SHE, IT      HE, SHE, IT IS [NOT] GOING         WAS [NOT] GOING WILL [NOT] BE GOING

HE, SHE, IT                HE, SHE , IT    COULD [NOT] BE GOING             COULD [NOT] HAVE  BEEN GOING                                                           COULD [NOT] BE GOING

WE , THEY, THESE, THOSE

[DO NOT] GO          WENT [DID NOT GO]         WILL [NOT] GO

WE , THEY, THESE, THOSE

ARE [NOT] GOING                     WERE [NOT] GOING          WILL [NOT] BE GOING       WE , THEY, THESE,    THOSE

COULD [NOT] BE GOING           COULD [NOT] HAVE BEEN GOING      WILL [NOT] HAVE BEEN GOING

VERB TO HAVE

I HAVE                                   I HAD                         I WILL HAVE

YOU HAVE                            YOU HAD                  YOU WILL HAVE

HE HAS                                  HE HAD                     HE WILL HAVE

SHE HAS                                SHE HAD                   SHE WILL HAVE

IT HAS                                    IT HAD                       IT WILL HAVE

WE HAVE                              WE HAD                    WE WILL HAVE

THEY HAVE                          THEY HAD                THEY WILL HAVE

THEY HAVE                          THEY HAD                THEY WILL HAVE

THESE HAVE                        THESE HAD              THESE WILL HAVE

THOSE HAVE                       THOSE HAD             THOSE WILL HAVE

VERB NOT TO BE

I AM                                        I WAS                         I WILL BE

YOU ARE                               YOU WERE               YOU WILL BE

HE IS                                     HE WAS                    HE WILL BE

SHE IS                                  SHE WAS                  SHE WILL BE

WE ARE                                WE WERE                WE WILL BE

THEY ARE                         THEY WERE             THEY WILL BE

VERB NOT TO GO

I GO                           I WENT                      I WILL GO

YOU GO                    YOU WENT               YOU WILL GO

HE GOES                  HE WENT                  HE WILL GO

SHE GOES                SHE WENT                SHE WILL GO

WE GO                      WE WENT                 WE WILL GO

THEY GO                  THEY WENT             THEY WILL GO

VERB NOT TO HAVE

I HAVE                       I HAD                         I WILL HAVE

YOU HAVE                YOU HAD                  YOU WILL HAVE

HE HAS                      HE HAD                    HE WILL HAVE

SHE HAS                    SHE HAD                  SHE WILL HAVE

WE HAVE                  WE HAD                    WE WILL HAVE

THEY HAVE              THEY HAD                THEY WILL HAVE

VERB TENSE

I AM HERE RIGHT NOW    [verb “to be” with time and location]

I MAY BE HERE RIGHT NOW, CAN YOU SEE ME

I WAS HERE YESTERDAY

I COULD HAVE BEEN HERE YESTERDAY

I MAY BE HERE TOMORROW

I COULD BE HERE TOMORROW

I HAVE IT NOW [verb “to have” with location and time ]

I MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE IT HERE RIGHT NOW, CAN YOU TELL?

I HAD IT HERE LAST WEEK

I COULD HAVE HAD IT HERE LAST WEEK

I MAY HAVE IT HERE NEXT YEAR

I COULD HAVE IT HERE NEXT YEAR

GO AWAY, RIGHT NOW [verb “to go” with location and time ]

I MAY GO THERE RIGHT NOW

HE MAY ALREADY HAVE GONE THERE

SHE WENT THERE YESTERDAY

HE COULD HAVE GONE THERE YESTERDAY

WE MIGHT GO THERE TOMORROW

THEY COULD GO THERE NEXT WEEK

PREPOSITIONALS

PUT IT ON                             TOP                                        likiti ion          RAAN

IS THIS THE                           BOTTOM                               ININ                kabin eo

WHERE IS THE                     FRONT                                   EWI                 mau inijaa

WHEN WILL YOU BE          BACK                                     LIK                   NAAT EO KWONAJ BW ITOK [WHEN WILL YOU BE BACK?]

GO                                          LEFT                                       etal                 ANMIN

TURN                                      RIGHT                                    jer                   ANIMBWIJMARON

PICK IT                                   UP                                           likite    lon lok

PUT THAT                             DOWN                                   UNIKE manlok

PUSH IT                                  FORWARD    likite               LOL LOK

PULL IT                                   BACKWARD konkon            LIKLOK

CRABS WALK                       SIDEWAYS    BARU ko rej ETETAI

IS IT                                         ON THE TABLE                    E bed ion table eo

LOOK                                     UNDER THE CHAIR             lale IUMEN jai eo

GIVE IT                                   TO      ME                              letok NAN IO

TAKE IT                                  FROM HER                            bok e JEN e

GO                                         IN        TO HIM                      RELONLOK non e

COME                                    OUT                WITH US        DRUIJTOK ippud

IT IS                                    THROUGH THE TREES       e bed IOLOPEN wojke ko

GO                                    AROUND       THEM

PARAMETRICS

Mary had a little lamb

It’s fleece was white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went

The lamb was wont to go  [“wont” archaic English means: “sure to”]

Impossibly small                  LUKKUM KANNI, DIK TATA

He is (the) SMALLEST         DIK TATA

Smallest of all

She is SMALLER                   EMMON JONAN AN DIK

It is NEVER    SMALL            E JAB DIK

In my new dress                  ILO AO NUKNUK EKAAL

I walk to school                   IJ ETETAL NON JKUL

A pretty little (figure) figger                       NA JUON LIKATU

And if the boys don’t like me now           IM NE NAI JAB

They will when I get bigger                       EMMON IPPEN LADDRIK RO KIA–INAJ NE NAIJ KELEPLOK

SOMETIMES it is                  BIG                 JET IEN E KILEP

Which is                                 BIGGER         EWEIO E KILEPLOK

It is (the) BIGGEST               E KILEP TATA

Biggest of all

Impossibly big                     LUKKIN KANNIJ KILEPTATA

Mary had a little watch     EKAR OR JUON WO EO NEJIN MARY

She swallowed —–it was gone                 EAR IDDRAKE WAJ EO—EAR JAKO

Now everywhere that Mary walks KIA, NE MARY E ETAL NON-AOLEP JIKIN

Time marches on                                         IEN, EJ ETAL

Mary had a little lamb,                                MARY EAR KNE JIDIK SIP

Then she had a little ham                           INEM EAR KONE JIDIK PIG,

Then she had a little mutton                      INEM EAR KONE JIDIK

Mary was a little glutton                             -MEN IN MOW,

PARAMETRICS

Jack be nimble,                                           JACK E UTIL

Jack be quick                                               JACK E MOKIJ

Jack jump over                                            JACK E KELOK     the candlestick (Mother Goose )              TULONIN KAANTOL

Impossibly quick                                         LUKEN KANWIJ MJKIJ TATA

(the)    QUICKEST                                     MOKIJ TATA

Quickest of all

QUICKER                              EMMON JONAN AN MOKIJ

QUICK                                   MOKIJ

His, Hers is                         NEVER           AN LADDRIK, AN LIDDRIK JANEN

She (He) is                        USUALLY EJ EPLIKLIK

They (we) are                  ALWAYS REJ (JEJ) AOLEP IEN

A wise man said: “Never say: You—- Never or You— Always.” JUON DRI MELETELET EAR BA

“But!” wondered the student “that’s never or always!”            KWAN JAB BA: KWE BAN

AK KWE — — AOLEP IEN” “AK” DRI KATAK EO EAR IOMNAK” BAN AK      ADEPIEN”

“Daughter,” Said the Mother “There are two words you should never use. “LIDDRIK EP MEJIO” MAMA EBA “EOR NAAN KO RUO KWON JAB BA: JUON EJ ‘LOUSY,’ IM JUON EJ ‘STINKS’ ” One’s ‘lousy’, the other “stinks.’” JUON EJ ‘LOUSY,’ IM JUON EJ ‘STINKS’”

“Yes, Mommie, and Mommie—what are the words!” “AET MOMMA, IM MOMMA —TAKO NAAN KEIN”

SLOW BOAT

SLOWER                                EMMON JONAN AN BAT

(the) SLOWEST                    LUKKIN KANUIJ BAT TATA

Slowest of all

Impossibly slow                   BAT TATA

Diller a Dollar, A ten O’Clock scholar                 DILLAR JUON DOLLAR, JUON

What makes you come so soon?                          DRI MELETELEL JONONL AWA

You used to come at ten O’Clock,                       TA UNIN E MOKIJ AM ITOK?

But now you come at noon! (Mother Goose )   KWAR ITOK JONOUL AWA MOKTA,

AK KIN KWOJ ITOK JONOUL RUO `               AWA

PARAMETRICS

Impossibly tall

(the)    TALLEST

Tallest of all

TALLER

TALL                                       IS ( this, that ) GIRL, BOY

Oh tall papaya tree

You are so straight and high

I pray you’ll take for me

A message to the sky

Thanks for warm starry nights

The surf, the sunny golden day

White sands, the singing winds

My happiness today [Polynesian sea song from long long ago]

SHORT

SHORTER

(the)    SHORTEST

Shortest of all

Impossibly short

PARAMETRICS

A Rhyme about, older, Grown-up people

JULIUS CEASAR                                                     JULIJ JIJA

MEAN OLD GEEZER                                              LALLOP ERAE

BEAT HIS WIFE                                                      RINTE KORA IPPEN

WITH A LEMON SQUEEZER                                KIN JUON KEIN NONO LEMON

[Anonymous, who would admit to it?]

Impossibly old                     LUKKIN KANNIJ RITTO TATA

(the)    OLDEST                     RITTO TATA

Oldest of all

OLDER                                   EMON JONAN AN RITTO

OLD                                        RITTO

WHO (is the)

WON              A Rhyme about growing up          JUON BOIBENATO IN AJI KIN DUKLOK

The trouble with a kitten is that    TROUBLE EO KITTEN JUON KUJ ENINNIN

Eventually it becomes a cat           EJ BWE ENAJ ERITTOLOK JUON KUUJ      [Ogden Nash]         EKILEP

DIK                  YOUNG

DIKLOK          YOUNGER

DIKTATA                                                     (the)    YOUNGEST

LUKKIN KANUIJ DIK TATA                        Youngest of all

Impossibly young

Rhyme about a Young Boy

LITTLE JACK HORNER SAT IN A CORNER        JACK ONA EDIK EAR JIJET ILO JABON                                                                                                ROOM EO

EATING HIS CHRISTMAS PIE                                MONI AN PIE IN CHRISTMAS

HE STUCK IN HIS THUMB,                                     EAR LIKITE JNON IAN ADEI IN PEIN

AND PULLED OUT A PLUMB                                IM BOKLOKE NON E JUON PLUM

AND SAID “WHAT a GOOD BOY AM I . ”          “I JUEN LADDRIK E LUKKEN E RHMON”

[Mother Goose ]

PARAMETRICS             Bad Boy, Bad Boy, What’cha gonn’a do

What’cha gonn’a do when they comes fo you (to take you to jail)

Impossibly bad

(the)    WORST

worst of all

WORSE

BAD

Boy

AMBIGUOUS                        Old Mother Hubbard

She Had a Lad

Who was not very Good

Nor Yet Very Bad – [Mother Goose ]

Girl

GOOD

BETTER

(the)    BEST

Best of all

Impossibly good

What are little girls made of?

Sugar and Spice

And all things nice

PARAMETRICS

Rhyme about a grown-up who wasn’t “all that stupid”.

The social worker pushed through the door

To help, to teach, clean the mess on the floor

-of Anna Moriah Sophia Jones

who was just a bundle of skin and bones

she is the kind you often meet

with sausage fingers and big flat feet

Anna Moriah mother of five

four are dead and one is alive

always fed her babies on bread

before they had a tooth in their head

Anna took a mallet and hit her hard

And buried the visitor in the yard. [this is politically correct ]

Impossibly stupid

(the)    DUMBEST, stupidest

dumbest of all

DUMBER

DUMB

MEAT-HEAD, FAT-HEAD

SYNONYMS

SMARTIE-PANTS, KNOW-IT-ALL

SMART

SMARTER

(the)    SMARTEST, cleverest

smartest of all

Impossibly clever

Rhyme about a little boy

Willie put a worm that wiggled

In his Mummie’s cup of tea

When she saw the joke she giggled

Ain’t he smart as he can be?

[Mummie’s helping develop his self-esteem.]

(Note: Ain’t taint in the dictionary; “taint” is; tho it don’t mean “aint ” or “taint”

Astronomical Advances in Prehistory