Proto history of Astronomy
Dr. Enzmann (Dates are circa and BC)
Avery Stones, 2500 BC, Enzmann Archive Image
450,000
Local Bilzingsleben
Terra Amata
Solar V observations
60,000
Würm II Glacial Sequence
Local Blombos Site, South Africa, Solar V
32,000
Würm II/Würm III interglacial
Draw circle using cord-as-compass
Earliest known Rhone-Rhine-Danube Civilization One’s astronomical observations
28,750
Würm IV Glacial sequence begins, ends at Gardena
Vogelherd Site, Germany
Thread-winder carved as image of child engraved with lunar-solar calendric
28,000 Aurignacian
Vogelherd, Early Rhone-Rhine Danube Civilization One
Combine local solar/lunar observations
24,000
Local-and-area definitions of 12-month Zodiac
19,000 Gardena
Würm/Wisconsin IV interglaciation impels migrations
- Spain, Parpello Site
Extensive textile industry with “written contracts” on stone, bone, and ivory between weavers & far-ranging hunting groups.
Altamira Calendric, photo by Doc E, Enzmann Archive Image
18,000 Altamira
Area Altamira Site Solar/ Lunar observations record yearly migrations shown about a hexagram later known as Solomon’s Seal (circled)
Regional Solar/Lunar/Seasonal observations
14,500 Lascaux
Lascaux Site Area
Combine Solar/Lunar observations of tetra faunal migrations
13,200 Meindorf
Bara Bahau Site France Magdalenian -V- Culture Village Map
Years Activities written in Lead-Line script
12,500 Bølling
Area Gönnersdorf sites combine Solar/Lunar/Stellar Zodiac observations
Perseus with star Algol as fire-maker
Map of Europe including Rhine, Rhone, Massif Central, Parpello S. Spain, Coa Valley Portugal, Central Spain
10,000 Allerød
Area Göbekli site Observatory Syria sighting holes as diffraction lenses with pillars as solar/lunar observatory.
Solar Lunar Stellar observatory
Note: Dryas II impels migration from the Rhone-Rhine-Danube center to what was then an enormous peninsula including the Balkans and Anatolia. Its Eastern boundary is the enormous Kavalan epicontinental sea, to about 9000 BC as the Allerød begins. The Black Sea is a small lake.
9000
Cappadocia (See: Two Mysterious Cities)
Göbekli Tepe (See: The Animals of Göbekli Tepe)
8500 Pre-Boreal
Dryas III glaciation impels migration
Area & regional Sphinx at Giza Site Egypt
8200
Area proto-Stonehenge Site draw North-South line oriented to star
Draw East-West line, bits done by bisecting the north-south line with cord-compass
Plumb bob to establish vertical
Water to establish horizontal
Note: c. 3800 BC Callanish Site N. Scotland discovery of North Alexander Thom: “Aligning a megalith observatory to due north was very difficult as in those times the North Star Polaris wasn’t there, nor was any other clearly visible star.”
7500 Boreal
Area-wide agricultural utilities
Early Carnac Site
Pendulum to measure time
Standard Length from standard-time pendulum
Analemma to Spirals
Catalhöyük (See: Two Mysterious Cities)
Regional Carnac
Göseck continental agricultural observatory network, for accuracy reference is now stellar
6500
Continental Europe combine agriculture/mariners’ observatory network
Venus clock, Longitude measured
5800
Stellar Cursuses Observatories are probably first built
5600 Atlantic
Continental Göseck Site agricultural utility of the Old Vanir European Rhone-Rhine culture
5400 Continental Goseck Site
Agricultural utility of the LBK culture: Annual Solar Spiral as precursor of analemma
366 ¼ day Sidereal Year supplants 365 ¼ day Solar year as stellar observations are more accurate
Days of week named: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn
4800 Golan Heights
Excavated by Yonathan Mizrachi, Mattanyah Zohar
Vanir global observatory network
4600
Giant Stellar Observatories: Thornborough, Porchester-Thames
4500 Continental Alaise Site
Agricultural utility of Old-Vanir Europe continued until Caesar defeats the Celts
Global Observatory Network by British Grooved-Ware Culture including Newgrange, Byblos, Giza, Mount Moriah, Nabata, Lixus, Azores, Harappa
Global observatory mariners’ network: Bulgaria, Lixus, Azores, Nabata, Byblos, Jerusalem, Cape Verdi, Cape Town, and Magellan Straits
Note: Phoenician-African circumnavigation would only have succeeded with knowledge of winds and currents of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The Phoenicians, well established in Northwest Africa Morocco, and one-time Lixus, could not have sailed southward against the strong Southwest African northward-flowing South Atlantic Gyre Benguela Current, nor, rounding the Cape of Good Hope of South Africa, headed homeward on the East climatological winds and gyre currents. Knowledge of these elements were gained from maps by Vanir-Æsir mariners who constructed them millennium earlier.
Note: Dakar – Cape Verde Islands some hundred kilometers offshore is at the confluence of three climatological circulations: The South Atlantic gyre, intertropical convergence zone, and North Atlantic gyre. This was discovered by Europe’s megalith mariners and certainly had to be known to the Phoenicians.
Note: The Peri Reese map, a fragment of a world map showing the Antarctic, testifies that landings must have been made during the Atlantic warm optimum. There are legends among the Polynesians of both Central Pacific and New Zealand voyages to the cold Antarctic.
4300
North & South American trader voyages from Europe
4200
Regional to global utility
The inception of Thornborough Site stellar occlusion observatory radius, not limited by diffraction from standard time, found with pendulum.
Standard length (Prof. Thom’s megalith yard)
Standard volumes, Standard weights
Bryn Celli Ddu y Gawres Site
Global voyager’s Venus Clock longitude
4000
Precession of the Equinox
Orkney Island, Brodgar Site
Azimuth angle with the use of plumb-bob elevation angle with a water-filled ring.
2300 Atlantic era
Kurgan II Little Ice Age impels migrations
Sub-Boreal
Kurgan III Little Ice Age impels migrations
Dogon Astronomy based on telescopes
Kurgan-III Dagon’s & first Phoenician wars to blockade the Mediterranean
For more Chronology from Dr. Robert Duncan-Enzmann see ENDEAVOR
