Robert Duncan-Enzmann 1950s
Gravity & Time
It has been demonstrated that a very heavy body will appreciably slow down the frequency of light leaving that body. The more massive the body and the steeper the gradient, the more marked the gravitational Doppler shift. It is possible to conceive of a system so massive that no radiation would be possible. It would have a slower time rate than other bodies in the universe. It is interesting to speculate on whether there is any limit to the slowing of time in components of a massive body due to gravitational forces.
Time must cease to exist at the optical limit of the universe. At this distance, the real or apparent Doppler manifests a recession so rapid that all the objects pass over a physical horizon and cease to have any influence on the local universe. For such objects, time in the local universe can no longer exist. Actually, one should take the Earth as a center and the supposed objects in one direction that have ‘passed over the optical horizon of the universe’ and the antipodal, or opposite point, as separate universes that can have no influence on each other.
Such speculation could lead to several macro-units of time; one is the time for light to travel from the center of the local universe to the edge.
All objects in a local volume of the local universe (within the optic limits) must keep roughly the same time. Its limits are as yet un-estimated, but ways of deriving minimum and maximum ‘yardsticks’ have been suggested. Great differences from local time can be caused by accelerating material objects to relativistic velocities. An experiment is suggested: Place an observer on such an object and observe the optical limits of the universe. Will they approach him from the direction of departure? They should, whether the redshift is due to real movement and Doppler, or from the gradual attenuation of electromagnetic radiation over a distance equal to the diameter of the ‘optical universe’. Would the limits broaden before the observer? Would the local universe about the observer be an ellipsoid of revolution?
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